Financial Crisis in South Korea - 2152 Words

International strategic management | South Korea, financial crisis | Melissa MactavieJodie MackayTeboho LentoSifiso MashishiKarushka naidoo | South Korea’s current account balance started to deteriorate in 1990, due to the rising inflation, appreciation of the Korean won and the recession of the world economy. In 1991 the current account recorded a deficit of $8.7 billion, which was more than four times the level of the preceding year. The Korean government encouraged capital inflows in order to finance the growing current account deficit. To achieve this objective, capital account liberalisation was accelerated in 1991by altering the Foreign Exchange Management Act. The limited capital account liberalisation implemented resulted†¦show more content†¦The asset value declined further. Many businesses failed to guarantee returns and profitability. Due to the high rates of economic growth and the booming economy, private firms and corporations looked to finance speculative investment projects. However, firms overstretched themselves and a combination of factors caused depreciation in the exchange rate as they struggled to meet the payments. The South Korean corporate governance structure was known for its technical and ethical inefficiency well before the crisis. The existence of a small number of large business conglomerates, chaebols, is widely considered to be one of the biggest problems in South Korean society. This governance system was fertile ground for inefficiency and corruption. A study shows that only 27percent of the 570 non-financial firms created shareholder value during the five years before the crises. The South Korean conglomerates were more or less completely controlled by the government and simply absorbed growing capital investment. Eventually, excess debt led to key failures and takeovers. In the midst of the Asian market downturn, South Korea’s credit rating was lowered on 28 November 1997 and downgraded again on 11 December. That contributed to an additional decline in South Korean shares since stock markets were already bearish in November. The inability of the Korean government to respond early to potentialShow MoreRelatedSouth Korea s Economic Crisis1534 Words   |  7 PagesBetween 1990 and 1996, South Korea experienced strong economic growth ever since South Korea was separated from North Korea. As the data of South Korea economy from World Bank web provides, Average growth rate was around 8 percent and inflation rate averaged 5 percent. Moreover, unemployment rate was stable below 3 percent (citation use footnote or endnote). Until 1997, Korea was one of miracle East Asian countries that grew up incredibly faster than that of other Asian countries. Others believedRead MoreGlobal Economy : Global Economic Crisis1249 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Economic Crisis Introduction Trade among countries has been an important accelerator of economic growth. It has created employment opportunities for many people in the world. However, due to this trade-like financial openness the economy is exposed to external shocks. In 2008, the U.S.-originated financial turmoil threatened the global capitalist system. All countries in the world were affected. The repercussions of the turmoil widespread around the globe resulted in various issues in theRead MoreMonetary Policy Decision Of Korea Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch group of the Bank of Korea decided today to increase money supply by setting a lower base rate, printing more money, and through open market purchases. If necessary, the we decided to use contractionary monetary policy to decrease the inflation. The students of the research group of the Bank of Korea decided today to increase money supply to improve the current account and in result improve the declining investments. However, if necessary, the Bank of Korea will conduct the opposite: contractionaryRead MoreHistory Of Bank Of Kore Central Bank Project Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pages The Bank of Korea Central Bank Project Jae Hyun Kim Fuzhe Zhang Alexander Oval Ruoxi Yang Shigetaka Naiki History of the Bank of Korea The Bank of Korea (BOK) was established in June 1950, with the promotion of the Bank of Korea Act. The BOK replaced the existing Chosun Bank as the central bank of Korea. During this time, the bank was heavily influenced by Korea’s authoritarian government in order to implement a government-directed industrial policy. ResponsibilitiesRead MoreEssay on Macroeconomics Stability1407 Words   |  6 Pagesincreases†¦Economic growth is a sustained, year-after-year increase in potential GDP (Parkin, 2014:544) South Korea is one of the leading countries in technology and entertainment with a population of 50.95 million. The government has been constantly making efforts to reinforce the groundwork for long- term growth and improve the real economy. ((KOCIS), 2013) Economic performance of South Korea over past 6 years (2006-2011) GDP growth rate The GDP growth rate of this country expanded 1.1 percentRead MoreThe 2010s - A lost, instead of blossoming decade for China? Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe financial crisis in 2008, having resulted from a tremendous bubble in the real estate market as well as highly leveraged banks and governments, has now become a debt crisis and is still an important in political discussions worldwide. Numerous employees have lost their jobs, many companies went bankrupt; nevertheless, there seemed to be one country that stroke off all difficulties and continued growing at an outstanding rate. In 2009 China’s GDP grew by 9% (www.cia.gov), while all other economiesRead MoreEconomic Security of South Korea1542 Words   |  7 PagesECONOMIC SECURITY OF SOUTH KOREA Introduction The economy of South Korea is ranked at fifteenth place in the world. In terms of its relation with the United States, South Korea is the seventh largest trading partner. South Korea is well known for its high level of growth in economic field. Before 1960, South Korea was just another poor third world country and hardly known regionally as well as internationally. Its economic booming has elevated South Korea in the eyes of international cooperationRead MoreThe Legacy Of South Korea1133 Words   |  5 Pagesgrew through the years, into what has become known as the society of today. South Korea is no stranger to this and they continue to preserve its historic landmarks with pride. Although most of South Korea s history is clouded by conflict, the struggles the people have endured have only united them as one, and has helped shape the country into a great nation which the citizens are proud of. The citizens of South Korea have seen their country beaten, conquered, divided, and st ill refused to letRead MoreEssay east asian crisis1420 Words   |  6 Pages East Asian financial crisis are an evidence of fact that economies are prone to fianacial pressures in spite of a stable sustainable growth rate. The East Asian economic crisis is the most important economic event in the region of the past few decades. That much is agreed. Beyond this, there is yet no unanimity about its root causes nor about the solutions. The differences of views are being debated in academic and policy circles and reflected in the media. One thing though is certain: the earlierRead MoreThe Republic Of South Korea1410 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics The republic of South Korea is located in East Asia, according to the World Bank it is a high-income developed country with a developed market, with a GDP of $1.449 trillion(US) and GDP per capita (ppp) of 25,977(US), averaging an annual growth rate of 2.9%. Over the past four decades the country has shown incredible growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy. South Korea is the world’s 4th largest car producers being home to Hyundai Motors, the largest

Essay on Biography of President Barack Obama - 655 Words

Obama’s Presidency Barack Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii on August 4th, 1961. He went to Harvard Law School. After his graduation, continued his legal work as a civil rights lawyer and a professor teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago. He was elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996. He served there for three terms (1996-2004). Later on, he started his campaign in 2007 for the presidential election in 2008. He won the presidential election against John McCain, his Republican opponent and started serving in the office in January 20, 2009. He became the 44th President of The United States of America. He is more well-known for being the first African-American who ever served in The White House. During his terms, he†¦show more content†¦They are still debating over the solution for this. â€Å"In term of foreign policy, he is indecisive† –Bui, 36. According to what he said, Mr. Obama often gives late decisions. He is not good at dealing with other countries. Ukraine and Eastern Sea are one of the obvious proofs. China and Russia have been very daring lately; America is losing respect in both term of economy and military. Israel is another country to concern. Imagine if there is no Israel, all those Middle Eastern countries are sharing the same belief. They will eventually team up, create their own Alliance and only God knows what they can do with that. The world doesn’t need another version of Germany in World War 2. According to Jenifer Rubin from The Washington Post, in an article she said â€Å"President Obama gave an interview in which he viciously attacked Israel, suggesting that Israel was the cause of the peace process failure, that the United States could no longer protect Israel if the peace process failed†. Mr. Obama should consi der that keeping Israel strong is a good thing to do right now. A strong Israel means that Middle East is unstable. Israel’s neighbor countries will keep being suspicious in every moves Israel made. They will be busy dealing with each other. In another word, it will prevent them to unify. However, American should consider the good that he has done for this country. He ended the war with Iraq as the last troop left in 2011. HeShow MoreRelatedHow the Life of Barack Obama Inspires798 Words   |  3 Pagesaway†(â€Å"Barack Obama Biography†.1). This quote gives a small insight and overview on how Barack Obama’s biographies, speeches, and other quotes such as the one above were inspired by his average childhood with having an absent father, his parents separated at a young age and living with his maternal grandparents. His early careers beginning as an organizer, starting politics and later becoming a senator. Lastly with his adventurous travels with his transits to Kenya, Indonesia, and Chicago. Barack Obama’sRead MoreThe Life of a Leader, Barack Obama Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is educated and embodies the ability to assess the other groups skills and talents in order to utilize them to accomplish a goal. Barack Obama was the first bl ack senator for the state of Illinois. Barak was also the first black United States President. Barak made a healthcare program that has been modified to include more people it is called Obamacare. Obama is a good leader because he is persuasive and a diligent worker. As a leader he does many things which include visiting foreign countriesRead MoreBarack Obama Examined Through an Adlerian Framework Superiority Striving931 Words   |  4 PagesAdlerian point of view is Adler called a style of life. I will compare President Barack Obama’s superiority striving to Adlerian Theory Obama did not have a relationship with his father as a child. As an infant, Barack father Obama Sr. relocated to Massachusetts to attend Harvard University, to receive a Ph.D. Baracks parents separated several months later and divorced in March 1964. In 1965 at the age of 2, President Barack Obama Jr., father returned to Kenya. In 1965, Obama’s mother Ann DunhamRead MoreSkin Color and Barrack Obama Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference a color change makes. Obama is like the paint to the white house. This can be compared to the recent election of Barrack Obama entering the white house. The integral structure of the white house has not changed but a fresh coat has been applied so to speak, with him coming into office. He seeks to improve the government with policy changes and new laws, not completely start over. Even his life and the way he came to the top is a prime example of color. Obama comes from humble roots andRead MoreBarack Obama s President Of The American Dream Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesBio Obama didn’t have an easy road to the oval office. His story, amongst other presidents, is one that embodies the true will of the American dream. A lot of people don’t know that Obama’s father abandoned him when he was young to pursue a degree at Harvard. Nor do they know that Obama lived in Indonesia as a child, or that he went back to his roots in Kenya to meet his family members. Obama played a critical role of shifting the direction of the United States. This paper analyzes the historyRead MoreA Peace Prize Award For Carrying Out1301 Words   |  6 PagesQuite a few popular, yet controversial candidates, like Barack Hussein Obama, have been presented a Nobel Peace Prize award for carrying out â€Å"peace† in especially contrasting and different ways. These so-called peace prizes show that peace can be associated and parallel to war engagement, destruction, unorthodox doings; In other words, a wrong can make a right! What makes Obama rise above the rest is his â€Å"Yes We Can!† attitude, his attempts to make peace in different countries along with his ownRead MoreObama s First African American President Of The United States1518 Words   |  7 Pages Barack Hussein Obama Jr, the first African American President of the United States, was born on August the 4th 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Obama’s birth is considered as an important turning point for African American’s in history, he was the first African American to serve as a United States president. Barack Obama is currently the 44th president of the United States. He was raised in a middle class family with education being the core of their lives and had very noble values. Obama was a graduateRead MoreTransformational Leadership As An Exceptional Form Of Influence Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pages185). Current president, Barack Obama has become the demonstration of hope and change throughout the Western World. Although his time in the United States Senate has been brief, he has made an astounding change in the cultural attitudes and behaviors of developed western nations towards people of color and legislated one of the most progressive reforms in history, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obama, 2008). President Obama has defined his rise to and term as President with a leadershipRead MoreBiography on Brarck Hussesin Obama Jr. Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Barack Hussein Obama Jr is currently the President of the United States of an America and was born August 4th 1961 to His mother (Ann Dunham) and his father (Barack Obama Sr). President Obama was raised up by his grandparents when he turned 10 years old in Honolulu Hawaii. Obama mother and father got married on February 2, 1961 and had Obama 6 months later. President Obama didn’t have a father figure in his life because mother had moved to a different location and Obama Sr stayed inRead MoreIs The United States Be Ran By A Black Man?1157 Words   |  5 PagesSince 2008, Obama has Protected American jobs, Improved Health Care, Education and has been supporting troops.Although president Obama has been a strong president, he hasn t achieved to end wars and attacks around the world. President Barack Hussein Obama II was born in Honolulu Hawaii, August 4, 1961. Obama lived with his mother and father for a short period of time until his father left when he was around the age of two.Obama didn t really have a relationship with his father . When Obama was little

Self Fulfilling Prophesy A Lesson to be Learned Free Essays

Self-fulfilling Prophesy: A Lesson to be Learned Have you ever had an assumption or belief about someone come true? That is what defines a Self-fulfilling Prophesy. That is, when a person’s expectations, thoughts, or beliefs manifest in such a way that in return they become true. These preconceived notions about other people influence how you act toward them and in return this will evoke a response from that person. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Fulfilling Prophesy: A Lesson to be Learned or any similar topic only for you Order Now This response then provides proof of the original expectations. Picking a college roommate can be a tricky thing to do. It eems that I have heard more horror stories about roommates than good stories. This may be attributed to the fact that people are more prone to talk about their problems and negative situations rather than their positive ones. However, my freshman roommate provided me with one heck of an experience. I met Dylan in high school. He attended an opposing school only thirty minutes away from mine. We recognized each other from the basketball court and numerous track events. We soon became friends when we were introduced at a high school party through a utual friend. As we became closer friends we both decided to attend Mississippi State University. I had lined up a roommate for freshman year with someone I grew up with, however due to a scholarship, he decided to attend a different school and left me without a roommate. When discussing this with Dylan, I was not aware that he did not have a roommate and we quickly decided to room together. Dylan and I had not known each other very long and even though he seemed to be a good friend and fit as a roommate, I still was weary of living with him. I had no specific reason to believe that we wouldn’t get along but I still could not shake the feeling that things would not go swimmingly. After moving into our dorm, it did not take long for our friendship to take a drastic turn. During fall recruitment into the Greek system, Dylan and I Joined two separate fraternities. It wasn’t long after Bid Day that Dylan dropped out of his fraternity. From then on it seemed as if he resented me for Joining a fraternity even though we had gone through recruitment together. He started anging out with an unruly crowd of people and it was not long after that he started neglecting his priorities. I eventually found out that the crowd he was hanging out with was known to dabble in various drugs and everything I did to help Just put us at greater odds. He began to get really sloppy by leaving his clothes and trash everywhere in our small living quarters. He seemed to have no regard for my belongings, or me for that matter. He was sleeping all day, staying out all night, and eating all my food when I was out of the room. When Christmas break came around he had a combined 67 absences in his classes and was carrying a 1. 2 GPA. I was looking for a polite way to tell him we needed to find new roommates when he called me a few days prior to Christmas. He told me that he was going to withdraw from the university and take a break from school. The experience I had first semester of my freshman year is a prime example of a self-fulfilling prophecy. I had a preconceived notion that Dylan and I would not get along as roommates and that notion came to How to cite Self Fulfilling Prophesy: A Lesson to be Learned, Papers

Theoretical Trends and Changing Perspectives †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theoretical Trends and Changing Perspectives. Answer: Introduction: The concerns of dynamism in the modern business environment have led to various initiatives adopted by organizations to reform their conventional practices. It is essential to notice that the organizations which require change are largely dependent on an analysis of the forces which drive the change. The generic factors responsible for initiating change in an organization include technological advancement, nature of workforce, competition, world politics, social trends and economic shocks. However, it is imperative to consider the macro environmental factors which could influence the approaches of change followed in an organization (Antonakis, 2017). The concerned case of the retail sector organization has to be reviewed with respect to the PESTLE analysis of Mauritius retail sector that can provide feasible insights into the requirement of change in the organization. The primary objective of the duty free retail shop at the airport in the present context is to improvise the turnover of the organization alongside enhancing customer service (Bolman Deal, 2017). Therefore the operations and sales department of the organization need to implement changes for catering the organizational dynamics alongside accomplishing the specific objectives of the organization. In order to accomplish the objectives of change management effectively, the organization needs to identify the specific dimensions of the enterprise which require changes. The major responsibility of leadership in such scenarios is directed towards analysis of the external environment in order to anticipate the pitfalls as well as advantages that can be acquired by an enterprise in given business environment. The PESTLE analysis for Mauritius would be eligible as a viable impression of the macro elements that can influence the business and relevant decisions of the duty free retail shop (BoezemanEllemers, 2014). The existing political environment in Mauritius has provided substantial opportunities for the country to overcome major issues alongside the notable influence on other aspects such as technology, economic factors, environmental and social factors. Mauritius has been able to depict political resilience in dealing with the challenges presented to the country since 2002. The impact of globalization was profoundly noted in the depreciation of trade preferences in the case of textiles and sugar which accounted for major influences on economy. The prominent outcomes were also identified in the decline of economic growth and increment in the levels of unemployment, public debt and budget deficit (?erne, Jakli?kerlavaj, 2013). Therefore the government of Mauritius implemented substantial reforms in order to address the problems identified in the country. The primary initiative was observed in drastic economic reforms that would enable the country to deal with formidable challenges of competition in the global market. The economic reform was characterized with emphasis on reduction of fiscal weakness alongside improving the business outcomes for the organization, enhancing conditions for investment in the country and the prospects for acquiring higher FDI investment (Ciulla, 2014). The initiatives of the government to promote the ICT sector alongside providing facilities for free trade zones at airports could be accounted as feasible opportunities for the airport duty free shopfor introducing changes in management. The economic condition of Mauritius is opportunistic with the provision of gradual improvement in the growth rate of the GDP every year. The per capita income in Mauritius is considered to be superior to other countries such as India while depicting lesser average inflation rates. The economy of Mauritius could be characterized with middle-income diversification especially with improvements in the industrial sector, tourist sector and financial sector. Presently, Mauritius could be assumed as a formidable example of transition from agricultural economy to an industrial one (Daft, 2014). Social factors of Mauritius could be ascertained from an interpretation of the culture of the country which can be classified as a mixture of different cultures such as that of Europe, India, France, China, Africa and Europe. The social security system evident in the case of Mauritius is supported by certain essential features. For example, the social assistance schemes, occupational pension schemes and government subsidies provided on housing and food could be assumed as major social characteristics of the business environment in Mauritius (Dinh et al., 2014). Technological developments have become the centre of attraction in modern business contexts with the improvement of opportunities for organizations to ensure better interactions with customers. The profound development in ICT sector could enable organizations to cope with the changes in customer interactions. The use of ICT for development of interactive CRM systems could be validated as a favourable opportunity that can be accessed by the airport duty free shop for improving customer service. Environmental factors involved in context of Mauritius could be anticipated from the governments preferences for determining protection and improvement of the environment. The measures taken by the government for ensuring energy efficiency could be observed in the form of motivation programs for industry, public and private to use energy efficient electrical devices (FairhurstConnaughton, 2014). The presence of regulatory institutions such as the Energy efficiency management office could also be accounted as a notable highlight of the environmental aspect of macro environment of an organization. Another potential highlight that must be considered in the environmental aspects is the promotion of energy efficient parameters for construction of buildings (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2013). Legal aspects of the country are characterized with the references to provision of tax benefits and exclusion of custom duties.Furthermore, the government initiatives for addressing the influx of higher volume of tourists through focus on tourism industry could also be considered responsible for formulation of legal dimensions. Policies and codes of practice observed in the case of monitoring the tourism industry could also be influential on the prospects for airport duty free shop to acquire competitive advantage. Example of Change Required In The Workplace The example of change that could be implemented in the workplace could refer to the establishment of comprehensive ICT frameworks within the organization as perceived from the PESTLE analysis. The requirement for ICT framework is intended to simplify the communication process within an organization and the necessity of communication has been perceived as crucial in context of modern business environments. As observed from the technological developments in the macro environment of Mauritius, the prevalence of technological developments in information and communication technology has led to the profound indications towards the use of ICT for instating a customer relationship management system (Komives Wagner, 2016). Since the majority of customers of the shop comprise of tourists, it is essential to sustain a long term relationship with customers in order to acquire consistent sources of revenue. The customer relationship management system would be helpful for the organization to maintain customer information and ensure appropriate segmentation, targeting and positioning mechanisms. One of the prominent benefits that could be availed from the CRM would be observed in identification of travel purposes and frequency in order to target customers that visit the airport frequently. Furthermore, the ICT framework could also help managers to cater communication needs of large employee base alongside facilitating an unconventional approach to business management (LussierAchua, 2015). Communication for Effective Change Communicating change within the workplace could be a major challenge for managers that can be addressed through considering the significance of people as the central focus for change management (Northouse, 2015). The strategies for communication that could be implemented in context of change management in the workplace have to be largely directed towards the employees in the operations sales department who would be largely affected by the introduction of the new CRM framework. It would be imperative to consider the underlying implications of empowerment and transformation which could help in recognition of the varying needs of different individuals alongside creating opportunities and environments that could assist employees in acquaintance with the changes. The use of an effective communication plan could be assumed as a credible resource to address the needs of communication and involvement of people in the change management process (Tourish, 2014). The communication plan should be associated with objectives such as involvement of a wide range of stakeholders including the senior management and the staff for developing suitable environments for implementation of change. It is also imperative to use communication mechanisms that could be characterized with inclusive, empowering, transparent and open characteristics (Tschannen-Moran, 2014). The communication for effective change is considerably dependent on certain human factors which include proactive sponsorship, the team, communication and the involvement of middle managers (Tourish, 2014). The change management projects have to be communicated effectively to the team involved in implementation of change as concerned in this report. The requirement of activity and comprehensive involvement of the top management team is responsible for the resolution of scenarios which require comprehensive adaptation to the critical scenarios encountered by organizations. The requirement of sponsorship from external stakeholders and brands could be responsible for observing profound implications in the productivity that can be derived from approval and consent for the allocation of resources in order to address the issues faced by the duty free shop. Another human factor is considerably associated with the involvement of middle managers that also reflect on the involvement of employe es that can improve project growth alongside reflecting on the personal development that can lead to sustainable opportunities for the employees. It is also imperative to understand the role of the contribution of human resources in order to obtain considerable benefits in the form of procedural, professional and financial implications associated with the change management process (Tschannen-Moran, 2014). Therefore the human factor of communication should be addressed effectively in terms of the comprehensive involvement of stakeholders in the change management process that can be indicative of the lean management processes that enable an organization to adapt to the change management process. Human factors associated with the change management process could also implement considerably beneficial outcomes in the form of improved communication between the team members thereby depreciating the emotional obstacles that are deported to their native countries. Financial factors that are accounted for observing potentially beneficial outcomes in context of the change management process considered in the report are also presented in form of the investment uncertainties regarding the change management processes and the involvement of external agencies required to implement the change management process (Lussier Achua, 2015). The involvement of external agencies is perceived in terms of funding for the different activities such as the role of sponsors in providing additional funding for the advertisement in the duty free shop for their flagship products. Another financial factor can be perceived in the observation of ambiguities in the cash flow statement and the income statement. These financial statements are responsible for identifying the requirement of financial resources in order to obtain information required for addressing business obligations that emerge with the change process (Lussier Achua, 2015). The cash flow statement and inco me statement facilitate considerable implications towards the inflow of financial assets alongside the expenses to be incurred with respect to the change management process. The involvement of employees in the change management process could be largely influenced on the grounds of training of employees through a participative approach. The change management process could be improvised through maintaining a viable framework to provide employees with critical information pertaining to change as well as ensuring their involvement with feedback mechanisms and support during the change implementation (Lussier Achua, 2015). Employee involvement could also be addressed through following a transformational approach in order to realize change management objectives. The transformational approach is responsible for empowering employees to contribute to the mission and objectives of change management thereby implying feasible reforms in the proposed CRM framework. Technique for Planning Change The technique that can be applied for planning change with respect to the given context of the airport duty free shop could be observed in the form of a model of change. The technique would involve a stage wise categorization of change which is initiated with the communication of sense of urgency for the CRM system. The organization has to develop a guiding group which would be responsible for directing the employees for adapting the changes in the ICT framework of the enterprise (Dinh et al., 2014). The change management planning would also comprise of the vision conveyed by the guiding group for implementing the change alongside addressing the anticipated obstacles for the organizations new vision for customer service and workplace relationships. The timeline for implementing the CRM framework to be implemented in case of duty free shop can be presented in the form of a Gantt chart as follows. Activity Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Planning of ICT framework Design of CRM system Customer feedback analysis Reforms in CRM framework Communicating the design to employees Training of employees Employee feedback Final CRM design References Antonakis, J., 2017. The nature of leadership.Sage publications. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017. Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Boezeman, E.J. and Ellemers, N., 2014. Volunteer leadership: The role of pride and respect in organizational identification and leadership satisfaction. Leadership, 10(2), pp.160-173. ?erne, M., Jakli?, M. and kerlavaj, M., 2013. Authentic leadership, creativity, and innovation: A multilevel perspective. Leadership, 9(1), pp.63-85. Ciulla, J.B. ed., 2014.Ethics, the heart of leadership.ABC-CLIO. Daft, R.L., 2014. The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), pp.36-62. Fairhurst, G.T. and Connaughton, S.L., 2014. Leadership: A communicative perspective. Leadership, 10(1), pp.7-35. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R.E. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Komives, S.R. and Wagner, W.E., 2016. Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of leadership development. John Wiley Sons. Lussier, R.N. and Achua, C.F., 2015. Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. Northouse, P.G., 2015. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Tourish, D., 2014.Leadership, more or less?A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership, 10(1), pp.79-98. Tschannen-Moran, M., 2014.Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools. John Wiley Sons.